When leadership fails but CSR works: insights into sustainable business innovation in the hospitality industry
Authors
Rita Puji Lestari
Corresponding AuthorAffiliation: Mercu Buana University Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Email: 190510513@student.mercubuana-yogya.ac.id
ORCID: 0000-0001-5403-6365
Asep Rokhyadi Permana Saputra
Affiliation: Mercu Buana University Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Email: asep@mercubuana-yogya.ac.id2
ORCID: 0000-0002-8145-5108
How to Cite
Lestari, R. P. & Saputra, A. R. P. (2025). When leadership fails but CSR works: insights into sustainable business innovation in the hospitality industry. CACTUS Tourism Journal, 32 (1). doi.org/10.24818/CTS/7/2025/2.03
Abstract
The rapid expansion of hotel construction in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, one of Indonesia’s leading tourist destinations, has contributed to environmental degradation, including declining air and water quality, depletion of natural resources, land-use change, and poor environmental management. These issues collectively increase disaster risks and threaten community well-being. Grounded in Resource-Based View theory, this study examines how strategic organisational resources influence sustainability outcomes. Specifically, it analyses the effects of Transformational Leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility on Sustainable Business Innovation, with Green Human Resource Management as a moderating variable. Data were collected from 380 hotel employees using non-probability purposive sampling and quota sampling based on the Slovin formula from a population of 5,445. The data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling, Partial Least Squares to evaluate the measurement model (validity, reliability, Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio) and structural model (fit and hypothesis testing). The results show that Transformational Leadership has no significant effect on Sustainable Business Innovation, while Corporate Social Responsibility has a positive and significant influence. Green Human Resource Management does not moderate the relationship between either Transformational Leadership or Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Business Innovation. Theoretically, the study strengthens Resource-Based View by emphasising the strategic value of human resources as valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable assets. Practically, it highlights the importance of talent retention, fair reward systems, and authentic employee engagement in sustainability programmes. Overall, this research enriches the limited empirical evidence linking Resource-Based View, leadership, Corporate Social Responsibility, and human resource management practices within sustainable hospitality management.
Keywords
JEL Classification
References
Aboramadan, M. and Karatepe, O.M., 2021. Green human resource management, perceived green organizational
support and their effects on hotel employees’ behavioral outcomes. Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag. 33,
3199-3222. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-12-2020-1440
Adiwijaya, I., 2024. Leadership 5.0: Gaya Kepemimpinan untuk Transformasi Bisnis yang Berkelanjutan. Elex Media Komputindo.Adrai, R. and Perkasa, D.H., 2024. Penerapan Etika Bisnis dan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan Dalam
International Human Resources Management. J. Manaj. Dan Bisnis Madani 6, 68-85. https://doi.org/10.51353/jmbm.v6i2.950Afridah,
N., Rawis, S.M. and Nalole, S.R., 2025. Kajian Literatur Tentang Manajemen Kinerja Untuk
Meningkatkan Produktivitas Organisasi. CBJIS Cross-Bord. J. Islam. Stud. 7, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.37567/cbjis.v7i1.3616
Al-Adeem, K.R., 2024. The demand for reporting environmental sustainability and social responsibility: insight
from Saudi Arabia corporate reports. J. Ethics Entrep. Technol. 4, 73-99. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEET06-2024-0013
Alfatiha, R.A., Hermanto, B., Pratami Wulan Tresna and Husna, A., 2022. Analisis Gaya Kepemimpinan dalam
Keberlangsungan Bisnis Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19: Studi Pada CV. Kartika Sari. Bahtera Inov. 6,
13-24. https://doi.org/10.31629/bi.v6i1.4070
Alhitmi, H.K., Shah, S.H.A., Kishwer, R., Aman, N., Fahlevi, M., Aljuaid, M. and Heidler, P., 2023. Marketing
from Leadership to Innovation: A Mediated Moderation Model Investigating How Transformational
Leadership Impacts Employees’ Innovative Behavior. Sustainability 15, 16087.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su152216087
Al-Kassab, M.M., 2022. The Use of One Sample t-Test in the Real Data. J. Adv. Math. 21, 134-138.
https://doi.org/10.24297/jam.v21i.9279
Amini, N.A., 2025. Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Digital Dalam Pengembangan Sumber Daya
Manusia. J. Ekon. Manaj. Sist. Inf. 6, 2596-2603. https://doi.org/10.38035/jemsi.v6i4.4599
Anugerah, D., 2024. Implementasi CSR Berkelanjutan Di Sektor Pertambangan: Strategi Untuk Meningkatkan
Citra Dan Keberlanjutan Perusahaan. J. Ilm. Ekon. Manaj. Bisnis Dan Akunt. 1.
https://doi.org/10.61722/jemba.v1i4.537
Ardiana, P.A., 2022. Conceptualising Stakeholder Engagement in Sustainability Reporting. J. Ilm. Akunt. Dan
Bisnis 17, 1. https://doi.org/10.24843/JIAB.2022.v17.i01.p01
Aulia, M.R., Nasution, A., Rahma, J., Fuqara, F.A., Fadhiela, K. and Suhendra, A., 2024. Pengaruh Infinite
Mindset Melalui Keputusan Jangka Panjang dan Adaptabilitas Terhadap Sustainable Business Kedai
Kopi. Indones. J. Innov. Multidisipliner Res. 2, 402-411. https://doi.org/10.69693/ijim.v2i3.195
Aviatri, P. and Nilasari, A.P., 2021. Analisis Penerapan Etika Bisnis terhadap Kelangsungan Usaha Perusahaan
Dagang. Accounthink J. Account. Finance 6. https://doi.org/10.35706/acc.v6i02.5621
Awa, H.O., Etin, W. and Ogbonda, E., 2024. Stakeholders, stakeholder theory and Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR). Int. J. Corp. Soc. Responsib. 9, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-024-00094-y
Bapperida.jogjaprov.go.id, 2025. Daerah DIY - Jumlah Tenaga Kerja di Hotel Berbintang [WWW Document].
URL https://bapperida.jogjaprov.go.id/dataku/data_dasar/cetak/224-jumlah-tenaga-kerja-di-hotelberbintang (accessed 5.31.25).
Berliandika, B., Isfianadewi, D. and Priyono, A., 2021. Strategi Sustainable Business Model Innovation pada
Industri Fashion Digital Ilustrasi. J. Samudra Ekon. Dan Bisnis 13, 46-60.
https://doi.org/10.33059/jseb.v13i1.3798
Bitencourt, C., Zanandrea, G., Froehlich, C., Agostini, M.R. and Haag, R., 2024. Rethinking the company’s role:
Creating shared value from corporate social innovation. Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Manag. 31,
2865-2877. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2723
Bocken, N.M.P. and Geradts, T.H.J., 2020. Barriers and drivers to sustainable business model innovation:
Organization design and dynamic capabilities. Long Range Plann. 53, 101950.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2019.101950
Budiono, E., Mukhsinah, M., Mujannah, S. and Halik, A., 2025. Strategi Green Economy Melalui Implementasi
Green HRM: Pendekatan Pada Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Manusia Berkelanjutan. EKOMA J. Ekon.
Manaj. Akunt. 4, 4211-4221. https://doi.org/10.56799/ekoma.v4i2.7409
Cahyadi, F.K., Simorangkir, M.S. and Mujoko, R., 2025. Peran Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Dalam
Mewujudkan Perusahaan Yang Berkelanjutan: Analisis Literatur Terhadap Strategi & Implementasi.
Prem. Insur. Bus. J. 12. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.35904/premium.v12i1.84
Chreif, M. and Farmanesh, P., 2022. Applying Green Human Resource Practices toward Sustainable Workplace:
A Moderated Mediation Analysis. Sustainability 14, 9250. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159250
Çop, S., Olorunsola, V.O. and Alola, U.V., 2021. Achieving environmental sustainability through green
transformational leadership policy: Can green team resilience help? Bus. Strategy Environ. 30,
671-682. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2646
Cuevas-Vargas, H., Lozano-García, J.J., Morales-García, R. and Castaño-Guevara, S., 2023. Transformational
leadership and innovation to boost business performance: The case of small Mexican firms. Procedia
Comput. Sci., Tenth International Conference on Information Technology and Quantitative Management
(ITQM 2023) 221, 1139-1146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.08.099
Danish, R.Q., Ali, M., Baker, M. and Islam, R., 2024. Influence of corporate social responsibility, green practices
and organizational politics on sustainable business performance: the importance of employee proenvironmental behavior. Soc. Responsib. J. 21, 54-77. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-10-2023-0548
Daratista, I.F., Fitriyah, L. and Anshori, M.I., 2023. Literature Review Tranformational Leadership. Pop. J.
Penelit. Mhs. 2, 152-176. https://doi.org/10.58192/populer.v2i4.1440
Deeksha, K. and Mishra, D.A., 2025. To Investigate the Impact of Employee Recognition and Reward Programs
on Reducing Attrition Rates in a five Star Hotel. IJFMR - Int. J. Multidiscip. Res. 7.
https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i02.40838
Dhir, A., Khan, S.J., Islam, N., Ractham, P. and Meenakshi, N., 2023. Drivers of sustainable business model
innovations. An upper echelon theory perspective. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 191, 122409.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122409
Dhyan Parashakti, R., Desty Febrian, W., Tarmizi, A., Satria, E., Hikmah Perkasa, D. and Yuliana, L., 2024. The
Role of Green Human Resource Management: Analysis of Organizational Culture, Innovation and
Leadership. Dinasti Int. J. Educ. Manag. Soc. Sci. 6, 475-485. https://doi.org/10.38035/
dijemss.v6i1.3436
Doli, C.A. and Ghozali, I., 2024. Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility, Environmental Performance, dan
Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Financial Performance (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan
Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di BEI periode 2019-2022). Diponegoro J. Account. 13.
https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/accounting/article/view/47862
Dzage, E.J., Hussain, M.R., Dapaah, P.O. and Mustapha, Y., 2024. Corporate social responsibility, sustainable
environmental practices and green innovation; perspectives from the Ghanaian manufacturing industry.
Int. J. Corp. Soc. Responsib. 9, 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-024-00090-2
Ekasari, J.C. and Noegroho, Y.A.K., 2020. The Impact of Good Corporate Governance Implementation on Firm
Value. Int. J. Soc. Sci. Bus. 4, 553-560. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/IJSSB/index
Elshaer, I.A., Azazz, A.M.S., Mansour, M.A. and Fayyad, S., 2025. Perceived greenwashing and employee nongreen behavior: the roles of prevention-focused green crafting and work alienation. Cogent Bus. Manag.
12, 2449592. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2025.2449592
Evina, E., Saputra, A.R.P. and Nuvriasari, A., 2024. Green Training, Green Recruitment, and Green
Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance in Retail Store. Int. J. Manag. Knowl. Learn.
13, 13-27. https://doi.org/10.53615/2232-5697.13.13-27
Fadhil, A.Z., 2025. Strategi Pengelolaan Green Human Resource Managament Sebagai Penguatan Identitas
Pada Pt Djawir Mitra Syandana. J. Ekon. Bisnis Dan Sos. 2, 98–113.Fatmah, F., Razak, M., Kartika, T., Suharto, B., Pracintya, I.A.E., Nurhayati, A., Hidayat, T., Ohyver, D.A., Dewi,
I.A.U., Setiawan, Z., Isnaini, S., Martalia, D. and Judijanto, L., 2024. Bisnis Periwisata di Indonesia:
Peluang Bisnis Destinasi Pariwisata di Indonesia. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.Fiore, M., Galati, A., Gołębiewski, J. and Drejerska, N., 2020. Stakeholders’ involvement in establishing
sustainable business models: The case of Polish dairy cooperatives. Br. Food J. 122, 1671-1691.
https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-04-2019-0263
Fobbe, L. and Hilletofth, P., 2021. The role of stakeholder interaction in sustainable business models. A
systematic literature review. J. Clean. Prod. 327, 129510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129510
Greimel, N.S., Kanbach, D.K. and Chelaru, M., 2023. Virtual teams and transformational leadership: An
integrative literature review and avenues for further research. J. Innov. Knowl. 8, 100351.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100351
Hadiwibowo, I. and Purwanti, L., 2024. Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Performance: A Literature
Review. Account. Finance Stud. 4. https://doi.org/10.47153/afs43.9702024
Hair, J. F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N.P. and Ray, S., 2021a. Partial Least Squares
Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook, Classroom Companion: Business.
Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
Hameed, R., Mahmood, A. and Shoaib, M., 2022. The Role of Green Human Resource Practices in Fostering
Green Corporate Social Responsibility. Front. Psychol. 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.792343
Hammadi, N.A.A., Haouas, I. and Ahmad, S.Z., 2025. Employee ambidexterity and firm sustainability in small
and medium-sized enterprises: a resource-based perspective. Int. J. Organ. Anal.
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-01-2025-5148
Helfaya, A. and Aboud, A., 2023. Editorial for the Special Issue “Corporate Governance, Social Responsibility,
Innovation, and Sustainable Business Development Goals.” Sustainability 15, 9471.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129471
Hengboriboon, L., Naruetharadol, P., Ketkeaw, C. and Gebsombut, N., 2022. The impact of product image, CSR
and green marketing in organic food purchase intention: Mediation roles of corporate reputation.
Cogent Bus. Manag. 9, 2140744. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2140744
Hong, N.T.H., Hanh, T.T., Anh, Nguyen Q.A., Dang N.N., Tran, M., and Nhi, N.D.L., 2024. Green Human
Resources Management and employees’ green behavioral intention: the role of individual green values
and corporate social responsibility. Cogent Bus. Manag. 11, 2386464.
https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2386464
Inekwe, M., Hashim, F. and Yahya, S.B., 2020. CSR in developing countries – the importance of good governance
and economic growth: evidence from Africa. Soc. Responsib. J. 17, 226-242.
https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-10-2019-0336
Jatiwardani, K.D., Kusuma, I.B.S., Dewanthari, N.N.T.T., I Putu A.U.I. and I Made, S., 2025. Studi Penerapan
Green Human Resource Management Di Industri Perhotelan: Perspektif Hotel Conrad Bali. J. Sains
Terap. Pariwisata 10, 129-141. https://doi.org/10.56743/jstp.v10i2.510
Jo, H. and Shin, D., 2025. The impact of recognition, fairness, and leadership on employee outcomes: A largescale multi-group analysis. PLOS ONE 20, e0312951. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0312951
Jorzik, P., Antonio, J.L., Kanbach, D.K., Kallmuenzer, A. and Kraus, S., 2024. Sowing the seeds for sustainability:
A business model innovation perspective on artificial intelligence in green technology startups. Technol.
Forecast. Soc. Change 208, 123653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123653
Juliyando, D. and Saputra, A.R.P., 2023. The effect of green transformational leadership on service employees in
Indonesia. Int. J. Serv. Manag. Sustain. IJSMS Vol. 8, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.24191/ijsms.v8i1.21896
Khaeruman, K. and Maryam, S., 2025. Career Development Strategy and Work Motivation in Improving
Employee Performance through Organizational Commitment. J. Ilm. Manaj. Kesatuan 13, 1139-1148.
Khairunnisa, A.N. and Ratnawati, S., 2024. Green Human Resource Management: A Strategic Approach to
Embedding Sustainability in Global Enterprise. Bengkulu Int. Conf. Econ. Manag. Bus. Account.
BICEMBA 2, 1263-1276. https://doi.org/10.33369/bicemba.2.2024.153
Kholifatunnisa, L., 2025. Kinerja Perusahaan Berkelanjutan (Corporate Sustainability Performance).
PT.Kimhsafi Alung Cipta.
Klaic, A., Burtscher, M.J. and Jonas, K., 2020. Fostering team innovation and learning by means of team-centric
transformational leadership: The role of teamwork quality. J. Occup. Organ. Psychol. 93, 942-966.
https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12316
Krisna, A. and Emilia, N., 2023a. Pengaruh Green Human Resource Management dan Corporate Governance
terhadap Job Pursuit Intention melalui Corporate Social Responsibility 7.Krisna, A. and Emilia, N., 2023b. Pengaruh Green Human Resource Management dan Corporate Governance
terhadap Job Pursuit Intention melalui Corporate Social Responsibility. J. Pendidik. Tambusai 7,
28919-28936.
Kurniawan, A. and Putra, G.P., 2025. Pengaruh Implementasi Prinsip Good Corporate Governance terhadap
Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Korporasi. J. Dunia Ilmu Huk. Dan Polit. 3, 132-149.
https://doi.org/%2010.59581/doktrin.v3i1.4464
Kurniawan, M., Hendriani, S. and Nuryanti, N., 2024. Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja dan Green Human Resource
Management (GHRM) Terhadap Kinerja Lingkungan Melalui Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel
Intervening (Studi pada PT Pacific Indopalm Industries). J. Multidisiplin Teknol. Dan Arsit. 2, 764-80.
https://doi.org/10.57235/motekar.v2i2.3913
Liu, Z., Mei, S. and Guo, Y., 2020. Green human resource management, green organization identity and
organizational citizenship behavior for the environment: the moderating effect of environmental values.
Chin. Manag. Stud. 15, 290-304. https://doi.org/10.1108/CMS-10-2019-0366
Lo, D.P.L., Sugiarto, P.D.I., Widjojo, D.I.H. and Tersia, D., 2023. Membangun Resiliensi Bisnis Perhotelan
Berlandaskan Sumber Daya & Crafting Strategy, Buah Pembelajaran Pandemi COVID-19. Penerbit
Andi.Lopez, B., Rangel, C. and Fernández, M., 2022. The impact of corporate social responsibility strategy on the
management and governance axis for sustainable growth. J. Bus. Res. 150, 690-698.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.06.025
MacMillan, C., 2020. Sustainable Business Model Innovation: A Means to Societal and Economic Good for
Canadian Businesses 16.
Magno, F., Cassia, F. and Ringle, C.M.M., 2022. A Brief Review of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Use in Quality Management Studies. TQM J. 1, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-06-2022-0197
Maharani, D.D. and Bayangkara, K., 2025. Peran Akuntansi Keberlanjutan dalam Mewujudkan Bisnis
Berkelanjutan di Era ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance). Optim. J. Ekon. Dan Manaj. 5,
254-264. https://doi.org/10.55606/optimal.v5i1.5753
Majdina, N.I., Pratikno, B. and Tripena, A., 2024. Penentuan Ukuran Sampel Menggunakan Rumus Bernoulli
Dan Slovin: Konsep Dan Aplikasinya. J. Ilm. Mat. Dan Pendidik. Mat. 16, 73.
https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jmp.2024.16.1.11230
Mardikaningsih, R., 2025. Pengaruh Manajemen Sdm Berkelanjutan, Budaya Organisasi Ramah Lingkungan,
Dan Kepemimpinan Transformasional Hijau Terhadap Kinerja Lingkungan Perusahaan Di Kota
Surabaya. J. Ilm. Satyagraha 8, 161-179. https://doi.org/10.47532/jis.v8i1.1233
Maya, Y.Y. and Sihite, M., 2024. The Strategic of Business Innovation and Envrionmental Sustainability In The
Oil And Gas With CSR As A Mediating Variable. “EKOBISMAN J. Ekon. Bisnis Manaj. 9.
Muhammad, N.I., Sirait, A.H., Ahmad, A.C. and Jabid, A.W., 2025. Business Sustainability Strategy: Systematic
Literature Review. Society 13, 705-727. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v13i1.784
Northouse, P.G., 2025. Leadership: Theory and Practice. SAGE Publications.
O’Brien, K.E. and Woody, B.A., 2025. Maybe They’re Born with It? Maybe It’s Mentoring. A Test of the Rising
Star Hypothesis. J. Career Dev. 52, 115-133. https://doi.org/10.1177/08948453241313193
Ojo, A.O., Tan, C.N.-L. and Alias, M., 2020. Linking green HRM practices to environmental performance through
pro-environment behaviour in the information technology sector. Soc. Responsib. J. 18, 1-18.
https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-12-2019-0403
Onileowo, T.T., Muharam, F.M., Ramily, M.K. and Khatib, S.F.A., 2021. The Nexus between Innovation and
Business Competitive Advantage: A Conceptual Study. Univers. J. Account. Finance 9, 352-361.
https://doi.org/10.13189/ujaf.2021.090309
Özgül, B. and Zehir, C., 2022. Top management’s green transformational leadership and competitive advantage:
the mediating role of green organizational learning capability. J. Bus. Amp Ind. Mark. 38, 2047-2060.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-01-2022-0043
Pamungkas, A.Y., Bustam, R.F., Aditya, R., Yusuf, Y. and Hidayati, T., 2024b. A Systematic Literature Review:
Transformational Leadership of Innovative Work Behavior and Green Human Resource Management.
INOBIS J. Inov. Bisnis Dan Manaj. Indones. 7, 356-369. https://doi.org/10.31842/jurnalinobis.v7i3.325
Pancić, M., Serdarušić, H. and Ćućić, D., 2023. Green Marketing and Repurchase Intention: Stewardship of Green
Advertisement, Brand Awareness, Brand Equity, Green Innovativeness, and Brand Innovativeness.
Sustainability 15, 12534. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612534
Pinho, M. and Gomes, S., 2023. Generation Z as a critical question mark for sustainable tourism – An exploratory
study in Portugal. J. Tour. Futur. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-07-2022-0171
Pramudita, E.J. and Gunawan, A.W., 2023. Pengaruh Green Human Resource Management, Green Human
Capital dan Green Innovation Terhadap Environmental Performance Melalui Green Human Capital
dan Green Innovation Pada PT Mitrakarya Cipta Gemilang [WWW Document].
https://doi.org/10.36418/glosains.v4i1.385
Precellas, L.G.C. and Bauyot, M.M., 2025. Navigating Career Stagnation: The Lived Experiences of Unpromoted
Seasoned Teachers. Asian J. Adv. Res. Rep. 19, 318-332. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2025/v19i1883
Puspitasari, R.F., Damayanti, V., Rahayu, W.P. and Winarno, A., 2025. Transformasi Bisnis Berkelanjutan
Melalui Model Sustainability-Led Innovation (SLI): Pendekatan Strategis Dalam Keunggulan
Kompetitif. J. Ekon. Bisnis Dan Manaj. 4, 137-148. https://doi.org/10.58192/ebismen.v4i2.3430
Putri, S.D.A. and Nugroho, S.P., 2024. Pengaruh Green Human Resource Management, Eco Friendly Attitude
Dan Eco Friendly Behavior Terhadap Green Innovation Melalui Green Work Engagement Pada Kantor
Dinas Perhubungan Kota Surakarta 6.
Qershi, N.A.A., Saufi, R.B.A., Yaziz, M.F.B.A., Ramayah, T., Muhammad, N.M.N. and Yusoff, M.N.H.B., 2023.The relationship between green entrepreneurship, human capital and business sustainability in
Malaysian large manufacturing firms: An empirical study. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 192, 122529.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122529
Qu, L., Xu, Y. and Guo, Y., 2022. Research on the Influence of Network Position on Corporate Social
Responsibility: Moderating Effect Based on Ownership Concentration. Front. Psychol. 13.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.894725
Rahmawati, R., Yusita, H. and Bake, J., 2024. Pengaruh Kompetensi Insentif Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai.
E-JKPP 10, 31-43. https://doi.org/10.36448/ejkpp.v10i3.4286
Rajagukguk, F.R.S., Arifin, I.W. and Harahap, H.H., 2025. Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Hijau Dan Pengelolaan
Sdm Terhadap Inovasi Berkelanjutan di Industri Berbasis Green Economy Di Sumatera Utara. J. Ilm.
Bid. Sos. Ekon. Budaya Teknol. Dan Pendidik. 4, 1421-1440. https://doi.org/10.54443/sibatik.v4i7.3024
Sabolak, Y. and Zebua, F., 2024. Analisis Keberlanjutan Dan Peran Csr Dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal.
J. Ilmu Ekon. Dan Bisnis 1, 20-26. https://doi.org/10.70134/jukoni.v1i1.22
Saputra, A.H.R., Rini, E.S. and Absah, Y., 2024. Pengaruh corporate social responsibility dan green innovation
terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan. MBR Manag. Bus. Rev. 8, 1-23.
https://doi.org/10.21067/mbr.v8i1.9493
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C.M. and Hair, J.F., 2025. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, in:
Handbook of Market Research. Springer, Cham, pp. 1-56. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-055428_15-3
Sembiring, A.W., Damanik, A.S., Widya, K.A. and Suawandi, S., 2023. Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Terhadap
Inovasi dalam Organisasi Kewirausahaan. Wawasan J. Ilmu Manaj. Ekon. Dan Kewirausahaan 2,
231-238. https://doi.org/10.58192/wawasan.v2i1.1529
Siburian, N.A. and Sugiarto, A., 2022. Implementasi Praktik Green Human Resources Management: (Studi Kasus
pada Perusahaan Pertambangan). JURISMA J. Ris. Bisnis Manaj. 12, 336-360.
https://doi.org/10.34010/jurisma.v12i2.5973
Simic, J., Ristic, M.R., Milosevic, T.K. and Ristic, D., 2025. Managerial Personality Traits and Leadership
Styles: An Economic Perspective from Serbia. Interdiscip. J. Labor Econ. 15, 41-49.
https://doi.org/10.62693/9gbmpx63
Singh, S.K., Giudice, M.D., Chierici, R. and Graziano, D., 2020. Green innovation and environmental
performance: The role of green transformational leadership and green human resource management.
Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 150, 119762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119762
Sulistriarini, I. and Ismail, I., 2025. Metode Penilaian Kinerja Dalam Manajemen Kinerja. J. Ekon. Manaj. Sist.
Inf. 6, 2547-2561. https://doi.org/10.38035/jemsi.v6i4
Tu, Y. and Wu, W., 2021. How does green innovation improve enterprises’ competitive advantage? The role of
organizational learning. Sustain. Prod. Consum. 26, 504-516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.12.031
Ulvenblad, P., Ulvenblad, P. and Tell, J., 2019. An overview of sustainable business models for innovation in
Swedish agri-food production. J. Integr. Environ. Sci. 16, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2018.1554590
Uyun, L., Noviyanti, S.E. and Primasari, D., 2024. Peran CSR terhadap Keberlangsungan Perusahaan: JEMeS -
J. Ekon. Manaj. Dan Sos. 7, 40-52. https://doi.org/10.56071/jemes.v7i2.925
Velter, M.G.E., Bitzer, V. and Bocken, N.M.P., 2022. A Boundary Tool for Multi-stakeholder Sustainable Business
Model Innovation. Circ. Econ. Sustain. 2, 401-431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-021-00103-3
Weidner, K., Nakata, Cheryl and Zhu, Z., 2021. Sustainable innovation and the triple bottom-line: a market-based
capabilities and stakeholder perspective. J. Mark. Theory Pract. 29, 141-161.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2020.1798253
Wernerfelt, B., 1984. A Resource-based View of the Firm. Strateg. Manag. J. 5, 171-180.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250050207
Wibowo, T.S., K, R.R.W., Suprayitno, D., Winarti, T. and Iswanto, J., 2024. The Effect of Career Development
on Employee Performance with Incentives as A Moderating Variable. J. Ilm. EDUNOMIKA 8.
https://doi.org/10.29040/jie.v8i2.13209
Wijonarko, G. and Amaliyah, A., 2023. Peran Green Human Resource Management dalam Implementasi CSR
Pengelolaan Lingkungan yang Berkelanjutan di Masa Pandemi COVID-19. J. Manaj. Dan Organ. 14,
80-88. https://doi.org/10.29244/jmo.v14i1.45320
Wijono, W.W., Sitorus, R.P., Utama, A. and Abhipraya, F.A., 2025. The Effect of Compensation on Turnover
Intention Across Generations X, Y, and Z: Evidence from PT ASN. Tarbawi J. Keilmuan Manaj. Pendidik.
11, 31-46. https://doi.org/10.32678/tarbawi.v11i01.11036
William, E.A., 2025. Impact of Workplace Resilience and Team Cohesion on Reducing Workplace Stress: A
Cross-Sectional Study. J. Personal. Psychosom. Res. 3, 10–16. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jppr.3.1.2
Wirba, A.V., 2024. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): The Role of Government in promoting CSR. J. Knowl.
Econ. 15, 7428-7454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01185-0
Wisanggeni, D.H., Saputra, D.D. and Prasetio, T., 2024. Analisis Kompensasi Kerja terhadap Peningkatan
Kinerja Karyawan: Kajian Literasi. J. Publ. Ilmu Manaj. 3, 116-131. https://doi.org/10.55606/
jupiman.v3i4.4630
Wu, L. and Jin, S., 2022. Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability: From a Corporate Governance
Perspective. Sustainability 14, 15457. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215457
Xu, X. and Li, J., 2020. Asymmetric impacts of the policy and development of green credit on the debt financing
cost and maturity of different types of enterprises in China. J. Clean. Prod. 264, 121574.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121574
Yafi, E., Tehseen, S. and Haider, S.A., 2021. Impact of Green Training on Environmental Performance through
Mediating Role of Competencies and Motivation. Sustainability 13, 5624.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105624
Yani, A.S. and Whardana, A.D.E., 2025. Pengaruh Implementasi Penghargaan dan Pengakuan terhadap Kinerja
Karyawan pada PT Jasa Peralatan Pelabuhan Indonesia 8.
Yi, D., Hu, J. and Yang, J., 2025. Climate policy uncertainty, environmental regulation, and corporate green
innovation. Front. Environ. Sci. 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1570848
Zaenudin, Fadilah, P.F. and Putri, R.D., 2025. Good Corporate Governance dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana
Internasional: Upaya Penanganan Pelanggaran HAM oleh Perusahaan Multinasional melalui Tinjauan
Literatur. SJEE Sci. J. Econ. Educ. 9, 125-129. https://www.doi.org/10.33087/sjee
Zhao, W. and Huang, L., 2022a. The impact of green transformational leadership, green HRM, green innovation
and organizational support on the sustainable business performance: evidence from China. Econ. Res.-Ekon. Istraživanja 35, 6121-6141. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2047086
Zhao, W. and Huang, L., 2022b. The impact of green transformational leadership, green HRM, green innovation
and organizational support on the sustainable business performance: evidence from China. Econ. Res.-Ekon. Istraživanja 35, 6121-6141. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2047086
Zhao, Z., Meng, F., He, Y. and Gu, Z., 2019. The Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility on Competitive
Advantage with Multiple Mediations from Social Capital and Dynamic Capabilities. Sustainability 11,
218. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010218
Zheng, Y., Rashid, M.H.U., Siddik, A.B., Wei, W. and Hossain, S.Z., 2022. Corporate Social Responsibility
Disclosure and Firm’s Productivity: Evidence from the Banking Industry in Bangladesh. Sustainability
14, 6237. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106237
Zhu, J., Tang, W., Zhang, B. and Wang, H., 2022. Influence of Environmentally Specific Transformational
Leadership on Employees’ Green Innovation Behavior—A Moderated Mediation Model. Sustainability
14, 1828. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031828