<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20221130//EN"
  "JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
         xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
         xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         article-type="research-article"
         dtd-version="1.4"
         xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/xsd/JATS-archivearticle1-4-mathml3.xsd"
         xml:lang="en">

  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CACTUS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">CACTUS J Tour Bus Manag Econ</journal-id>

      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>CACTUS – Journal of Tourism Business, Management and Economics</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>

      <issn pub-type="epub">2247-3297</issn>

      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>ASE Publishing House</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>Bucharest, Romania</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>

    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24818/CTS/7/2025/1.09</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">cactus-2025-9</article-id>

      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="jel">
          <subject>M39</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>

      <title-group>
        <article-title>Branding and brand equity in the hospitality industry in Romania</article-title>
      </title-group>

      <contrib-group>
        
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Istanbouly</surname>
            <given-names>Andrada-Jawel</given-names>
          </name>
          
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1_1"/>
          <email>istanboulyandrada21@stud.ase.ro</email>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>

      
      <aff id="aff1_1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution-wrap>
          <institution>Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania</institution>
        </institution-wrap>
      </aff>

      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>15</day>
        <month>6</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>

      <volume>7</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      
      

      <history>
        <date date-type="received"><day>15</day><month>6</month><year>2025</year></date>
        
        
      </history>

      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2025, The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>The Author(s)</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).</license-p>
        </license>
        <ali:free_to_read/>
        <ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
      </permissions>

      <abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the faced-paced world of the 21st century, with unique new inventions around every corner in the hospitality industry, something always must stand out, be different, be an eye-catcher. Words like branding and brand equity are important - what makes something the way it truly is, what draws customers to a particular place or product, especially after the pandemic that has changed the entire industry. To explore these concepts in depth, a quantitative study was conducted, a survey to be precise, and the results that emerged are quite captivating. With just one name in mind (the brand name), potential customers were able to visualize what a hotel looks like, what the atmosphere is like and how they would feel if they stayed at that particular hotel. Branding and brand equity are very important in the hospitality industry as they influence staff opinion, brand loyalty and willingness to pay more for a particular hotel brand, thus increasing sales and therefore profits. A strong brand can set a hotel apart from its competitors, encourage customer loyalty and create a sense of trust among customers. To gain a competitive advantage, hotels in the Romanian market need to use branding and brand equity to their advantage.</p></abstract>

      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>branding</kwd>
<kwd>brand equity</kwd>
<kwd>Romania</kwd>
<kwd>hospitality</kwd>
<kwd>quantitative research</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <self-uri content-type="text/html" xlink:href="http://0.0.0.0:3000/articles/cactus-issue-1-vol-7-no-1-2025-art-9"/>
      <self-uri content-type="application/pdf" xlink:href="http://0.0.0.0:3000/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/vol7_no1_2025_art10_III-Istanbouly.pdf"/>
      <self-uri content-type="application/xml" xlink:href="http://0.0.0.0:3000/api/articles/cactus-issue-1-vol-7-no-1-2025-art-9/jats"/>

      <related-article ext-link-type="uri" related-article-type="in-issue" xlink:href="http://0.0.0.0:3000/issues/cactus-issue-1-vol-7-no-1-2025" id="ra1"/>

    </article-meta>
  </front>

  <body>
    <p>Full text available in PDF format.</p>
  </body>

  <back>
    
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      
      <ref id="ref1">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Air. (2017). 35 branding quotes to inspire your next design project. https://air.inc/blog/branding-quotes</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref2">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Amin, Z. (2023). Louis Vuitton’s 15 marketing &amp;amp; business strategies to learn from. Squeeze Growth. https://squeezegrowth.com/louis-vuitton-marketing-and-business-strategies/</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref3">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Bailey, R., &amp;amp; Ball, S. (2006). An exploration of the meanings of hotel brand equity. The Service Industries Journal, 26(1), 15–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642060500358761</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/02642060500358761</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref4">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Belk, R. (2021). Strategic brand management and development: Creating and marketing successful brands. Routledge.</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref5">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Dev, C. S. (2012). Hospitality branding. Cornell University Press.</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref6">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Kurtz, J. (2022). What is the hospitality industry? WebstaurantStore. https://www.webstaurantstore.com/blog/3726/what-is-the-hospitality-industry.html</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref7">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Liu, M. T., Wong, I. A., Tseng, T., Chang, A. W., &amp;amp; Phau, I. (2017). Applying consumer-based brand equity in luxury hotel branding. Journal of Business Research, 81, 192–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.06.014</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.06.014</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref8">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Marketing Evolution. (2021). 10 important brand health metrics to track in 2021. https://www.marketingevolution.com/knowledge-center/brand-metrictracking</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref9">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Nafees, L., Cook, C. M., Nikolov, A. N., &amp;amp; Stoddard, J. E. (2021). Can social media influencer (SMI) power influence consumer brand attitudes? The mediating role of perceived SMI credibility. Digital Business, 1(2), 100008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2021.100008</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.digbus.2021.100008</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref10">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Rather, R. A. (2017). Investigating the impact of customer brand identification on hospitality brand loyalty: A social identity perspective. Journal of Hospitality Marketing &amp;amp; Management, 27(5), 487–513. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2018.1404539</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/19368623.2018.1404539</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>

</article>