<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20221130//EN"
  "JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
         xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
         xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         article-type="research-article"
         dtd-version="1.4"
         xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/xsd/JATS-archivearticle1-4-mathml3.xsd"
         xml:lang="en">

  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CACTUS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">CACTUS J Tour Bus Manag Econ</journal-id>

      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>CACTUS – Journal of Tourism Business, Management and Economics</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>

      <issn pub-type="epub">2247-3297</issn>

      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>ASE Publishing House</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>Bucharest, Romania</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>

    <article-meta>
      
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">cactus-2026-18</article-id>

      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="jel">
          <subject>Z30</subject>
<subject>L83</subject>
<subject>M31</subject>
<subject>C83</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>

      <title-group>
        <article-title>Tourists&apos; perceptions of smart tourism services in a Chinese theme park: an ipa-based study of ningbo fangte oriental dawn</article-title>
      </title-group>

      <contrib-group>
        
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Bao</surname>
            <given-names>Hongfei</given-names>
          </name>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2569-3902</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1_1"/>
          <email>baohongfei@naver.com</email>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>

      
      <aff id="aff1_1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution-wrap>
          <institution>College of Science &amp; Technology Ningbo University</institution>
        </institution-wrap>
      </aff>

      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>5</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>

      <volume>8</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>59</fpage>
      <lpage>72</lpage>

      <history>
        <date date-type="received"><day>29</day><month>4</month><year>2026</year></date>
        <date date-type="revised"><day>26</day><month>5</month><year>2026</year></date>
        <date date-type="accepted"><day>26</day><month>5</month><year>2026</year></date>
      </history>

      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2026, The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>The Author(s)</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).</license-p>
        </license>
        <ali:free_to_read/>
        <ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
      </permissions>

      <abstract xml:lang="en"><p>&lt;p&gt;Smart tourism has become an important means of enhancing the competitiveness and service quality of theme parks. However, limited research has explored how visitors perceive the importance and performance of specific smart service components in Chinese theme parks. This study assesses tourists&apos; perceptions of smart tourism services at Ningbo Fangte Oriental Dawn using a case study approach, a questionnaire survey, and the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) framework. A total of 387 valid responses from actual park visitors were analyzed. The results indicate that contactless payments, electronic map updates, ticketing convenience, social media publicity, and intelligent parking were perceived as both important and satisfactory. In contrast, mobile tourism services, online ticket discounts, and visitor-flow diversion were placed in the &quot;Concentrate Here&quot; quadrant, highlighting areas that require managerial attention. The findings provide clear decision-making references for theme park managers to optimize operations and allocate resources effectively, offering valuable practical implications for aligning smart tourism service investments with tourists&apos; perceived value&lt;/p&gt;</p></abstract>

      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>theme park</kwd>
<kwd>smart tourism</kwd>
<kwd>tourist satisfaction</kwd>
<kwd>importance-performance analysis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <self-uri content-type="text/html" xlink:href="http://0.0.0.0:3000/articles/cactus-2026-18"/>
      <self-uri content-type="application/pdf" xlink:href="http://0.0.0.0:3000/api/files/cmpu1y3gn00iio101ai1ozhia/download"/>
      <self-uri content-type="application/xml" xlink:href="http://0.0.0.0:3000/api/articles/cactus-2026-18/jats"/>

      <related-article ext-link-type="uri" related-article-type="in-issue" xlink:href="http://0.0.0.0:3000/issues/cactus-issue-1-vol-8-no-1-2026" id="ra1"/>

    </article-meta>
  </front>

  <body>
    <p>Full text available in PDF format.</p>
  </body>

  <back>
    
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      
      <ref id="ref1">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Azmin, N. A. M., Hamidon, N. A., Amin, N. M. M., &amp;amp; Ishak, S. (2023). The effects of virtual reality technology on visitor experience: Legoland, Johor, Malaysia. International Journal of Advanced Research in Technology and Innovation, 5(3), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.55057/ijarti.2023.5.3.4</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55057/ijarti.2023.5.3.4</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref2">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Bagozzi, R. P., &amp;amp; Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16, 74-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/BF02723327</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref3">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Buhalis, D., &amp;amp; Amaranggana, A. (2015). Smart tourism destinations enhancing tourism experience through personalisation of services. In I. Tussyadiah &amp;amp; A. Inversini (Eds.), Information and communication technologies in tourism 2015 (pp. 377-389). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14343-9_28</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-3-319-14343-9_28</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref4">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Chen, G. (2022). Tourism management strategies under the intelligent tourism IoT service platform. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2022, 7750098. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7750098</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2022/7750098</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref5">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Ching, T. Y., &amp;amp; Ferreira, J. (2015). Smart cities: Concepts, perceptions and lessons for planners.</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref6">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>In S. Geertman, J. Ferreira Jr., R. Goodspeed, &amp;amp; J. Stillwell (Eds.), Planning support systems and smart cities (pp. 145-168). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18368-8_8</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-3-319-18368-8_8</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref7">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Chuang, C. M. (2023). The conceptualization of smart tourism service platforms on tourist value co-creation behaviours: An integrative perspective of smart tourism services. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01867-9</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1057/s41599-023-01867-9</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref8">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>David, B., Reynaud-David, H., &amp;amp; Chalon, R. (2024). Assistive system for smart tourism in smart environment: An ICT approach for over-tourism and tourism crisis management. In 20th Annual International Conference on Tourism (pp. 20-21). https://www.athensjournals.gr/tourism/2024-5974-AJT-TOU-David-02.pdf</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref9">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Ejaz, W., Naeem, M., Sharma, S. K., Khattak, A. M., Ramzan, M. R., Ali, A., &amp;amp; Anpalagan, A. (2020). IoV-based deployment and scheduling of charging infrastructure in intelligent transportation systems. IEEE Sensors Journal, 21(14), 15504-15514. https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2020.3006706</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1109/jsen.2020.3006706</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref10">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Farid, S., Boudia, M. A., &amp;amp; Mwangi, G. (2023). Revolutionizing tourism: Harnessing the power of IoT in smart destinations. Journal of Digital Marketing and Communication, 3(2), 91-99. https://doi.org/10.53623/jdmc.v3i2.360</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53623/jdmc.v3i2.360</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref11">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Florido-Benítez, L. (2024). Analysis of Latin American theme parks in a tourism context. Tourism and Hospitality, 5(1), 124-147. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5010009</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/tourhosp5010009</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref12">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Fornell, C., &amp;amp; Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref13">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>002224378101800104</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref14">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Garrety, K., &amp;amp; Badham, R. (2000). The politics of socio-technical intervention: An interactionist view. Technology Analysis &amp;amp; Strategic Management, 12(1), 103-118. https://doi.org/10.1080/</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref15">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>095373200107265</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref16">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Gretzel, U., Werthner, H., Koo, C., &amp;amp; Lamsfus, C. (2015a). Conceptual foundations for understanding smart tourism ecosystems. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 558–563. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.04</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.04</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref17">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z., &amp;amp; Koo, C. (2015b). Smart tourism: foundations and developments. Electronic markets, 25(3), 179-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-015-0196-8&amp;nbsp;</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s12525-015-0196-8</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref18">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., &amp;amp; Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref19">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Ivanov, R., &amp;amp; Velkova, V. (2025). Analyzing visitor behavior to enhance personalized experiences in smart museums: A systematic literature review. Computers, 14(5), 191. https://doi.org/10.3390/</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref20">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>computers14050191</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref21">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Jung, T., Chung, N., &amp;amp; Leue, M. C. (2015). The determinants of recommendations to use augmented reality technologies: The case of a Korean theme park. Tourism Management, 49, 75-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.02.013</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.tourman.2015.02.013</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref22">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Li, Y., Hu, C., Huang, C., &amp;amp; Duan, L. (2017). The concept of smart tourism in the context of tourism information services. Tourism Management, 58, 293-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.03.014</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.tourman.2016.03.014</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref23">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Lin, H. H., Hsu, I. C., Lin, T. Y., Tung, L. M., &amp;amp; Ling, Y. (2022). After the epidemic, is the smart traffic management system a key factor in creating a green leisure and tourism environment in the move towards sustainable urban development? Sustainability, 14(7), 3762. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14073762</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/su14073762</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref24">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Liu, J., &amp;amp; Liu, Y. (2024). Marketing charm of Magic Kingdom: An analysis of Disneyland&apos;s marketing strategies. In SHS Web of Conferences, 193, 01008. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202419301008</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1051/shsconf/202419301008</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref25">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Martilla, J. A., &amp;amp; James, J. C. (1977). Importance-performance analysis. Journal of Marketing, 41(1), 77-79. https://doi.org/10.2307/1250495</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2307/1250495</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref26">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Mehraliyev, F., Chan, I. C. C., Choi, Y., Koseoglu, M. A., &amp;amp; Law, R. (2020). A state-of-the-art review of smart tourism research. Journal of Travel &amp;amp; Tourism Marketing, 37(1), 78-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2020.1712309</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/10548408.2020.1712309</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref27">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Ministry of Culture and Tourism General Office, Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission Secretariat, National Development and Reform Commission General Office, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology General Office, &amp;amp; National Data Bureau General Department. (2024). Notice on printing and distributing the smart tourism innovation and development action plan. Retrieved June 25, 2025. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202405/content_6950881.htm</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref28">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Mohamad Sheriff, N., Sahak, S. Z., Raja Ezar Ishamuddin, R. N. D., &amp;amp; Sulaiman, S. N. (2024). Visitor-centric marketing approach driving theme park customer patronage: Unveiling the post COVID-19 pandemic perspective. Journal of Intelek, 19(1), 186-196. https://doi.org/10.24191/ji.v19i1.24612</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24191/ji.v19i1.24612</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref29">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Muniz, E. C. L., Dandolini, G. A., Biz, A. A., &amp;amp; Ribeiro, A. C. (2021). Customer knowledge management and smart tourism destinations: A framework for the smart management of the tourist experience-SMARTUR. Journal of Knowledge Management, 25(5), 1336-1361. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-07-2020-0529</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1108/JKM-07-2020-0529</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref30">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Nakai, R. (2020). Theme parks marketing strategies analysis of field models in US and Japan. Retrieved from https://soar.suny.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/b422f583-0479-485f-81e1-c3ad00bc387a/content</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref31">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Natasha, J. B., Angelia, C. R., &amp;amp; Susilo, D. (2023). Social media marketing strategy in increasing customer engagement of Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor: Case study on Instagram @Taman_Safari. Indonesian Journal of Business Analysis, 3(2), 351-408. https://doi.org/10.55927/ijba.v3i2.3802</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55927/ijba.v3i2.3802</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref32">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Neuhofer, B., Buhalis, D., &amp;amp; Ladkin, A. (2015). Smart technologies for personalized experiences: A case study in the hospitality domain. Electronic Markets, 25, 243-254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-015-0182-1</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s12525-015-0182-1</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref33">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Novera, C. N., Ahmed, Z., Kushol, R., Wanke, P., &amp;amp; Azad, M. A. K. (2022). Internet of Things (IoT) in smart tourism: A literature review. Spanish Journal of Marketing-ESIC, 26(3), 325-344. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-03-2022-0035</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1108/SJME-03-2022-0035</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref34">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Nunnally, J. A. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref35">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Oh, J. E., &amp;amp; Ma, H. (2018). Enhancing visitor experience of theme park attractions: Focusing on animation and narrative. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamic and Control Systems, 4, 178-185. Retrieved from https://eirai.org/images/proceedings_pdf/DIRH1017012.pdf</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref36">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Padmalata, M. N., Chowdary, M. V. V., &amp;amp; Swaminathan, M. A. (2025). Smart tourism in theme parks: A case study of Disneyland’s technological transformation through AR and VR. GRWS International Journal of Applied Commerce and Strategic Management, 1(10), 118-180. Retrieved from https://grwsacademicjournal.com/grwsacademic/index.php/GRWS-INJACSM/article/view/166</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref37">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Pai, C. K., Liu, Y., Kang, S., &amp;amp; Dai, A. (2020). The role of perceived smart tourism technology experience for tourist satisfaction, happiness and revisit intention. Sustainability, 12(16), 6592. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166592</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/su12166592</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref38">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Reveles-Gómez, L. C., Luna-García, H., &amp;amp; Celaya-Padilla, J. M. (2021). Development of mobile application prototype for smart tourism based on user-centered design. Smart Tourism, 2(2), 7. https://doi.org/10.54517/st.v2i2.1707</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54517/st.v2i2.1707</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref39">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>State Council of the People&apos;s Republic of China. (2022). 14th Five-Year Plan for tourism development. Retrieved June 25, 2025, from https://en.caapa.org/News_detial/185.html</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref40">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Su, Q. (2024). Culture and tourism industry in the context of &quot;smart tourism&quot;: The cultivation of high-quality talents. In MATEC Web of Conferences, 395, 01029. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202439501029</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1051/matecconf/202439501029</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref41">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Tribe, J., &amp;amp; Mkono, M. (2017). Not such smart tourism? The concept of e-lienation. Annals of Tourism Research, 66, 105-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.07.001</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.annals.2017.07.001</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref42">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Tian, Y., Tian, Y., Li, K., &amp;amp; Xu, Z. (2024). A study on the survey of tourism market satisfaction and marketing strategies of Haiyan North and South Lake tourist attractions. UBRU International Journal of Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, 4(3), 27-39. https://doi.org/10.35678/2539-5645.3(46).2024.138-148</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35678/2539-5645.3(46</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref43">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Tokody, D., Albini, A., Ady, L., Rajnai, Z., &amp;amp; Pongrácz, F. (2018). Safety and security through the design of autonomous intelligent vehicle systems and intelligent infrastructure in the smart city. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems: INDECS, 16(3-A), 384-396. https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.16.3.11</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7906/indecs.16.3.11</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref44">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Tsang, N. K. F., &amp;amp; Au, W. C. W. (2024). Smart tourism experience design in amusement parks: A quality function deployment (QFD) application. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 48(6), 1051-1066. https://doi.org/10.1177/10963480231171304</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/10963480231171304</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref45">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Wang, A. (2019). Research on the development of Jinan smart tourism in the age of big data. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1302(2), 022011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1302/2/022011</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1088/1742-6596/1302/2/022011</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref46">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Wang, X., Li, X. R., Zhen, F., &amp;amp; Zhang, J. (2016). How smart is your tourist attraction?: Measuring tourist preferences of smart tourism attractions via a FCEM-AHP and IPA approach. Tourism Management, 54, 309-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.12.003</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.tourman.2015.12.003</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref47">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Wang, X., Zhen, F., Tang, J., Li, Z., &amp;amp; Zhang, H. (2022). Applications, experiences, and challenges of smart tourism development in China. Journal of Urban Technology, 29(1), 101-126. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2021.1879605</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/10630732.2021.1879605</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref48">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Wong, K. K., &amp;amp; Cheung, P. W. (1999). Strategic theming in theme park marketing. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 5(4), 319-332. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154315860</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref49">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Xiang, Z., &amp;amp; Fesenmaier, D. R. (2017). Big data analytics, tourism design and smart tourism. In Z. Xiang &amp;amp; D. R. Fesenmaier (Eds.), Analytics in smart tourism design: Concepts and methods (pp. 299-307). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44263-1_17</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-3-319-44263-1_17</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref50">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Xu, Y., Shi, Y., &amp;amp; Qin, T. (2023). Challenges in smart tourism: A media content analysis of digital barriers for senior tourists in China. Information Technology &amp;amp; Tourism, 25(4), 665-682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-023-00270-z</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s40558-023-00270-z</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref51">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Yu, F. C., Lee, P. C., Ku, P. H., &amp;amp; Wang, S. S. (2018). A theme park tourist service system with a personalized recommendation strategy. Applied Sciences, 8(10), 1745. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8101745</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/app8101745</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref52">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Zhang, Y., Sotiriadis, M., &amp;amp; Shen, S. (2022). Investigating the impact of smart tourism technologies on tourists&apos; experiences. Sustainability, 14(5), 3048. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14053048</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/su14053048</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref53">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Zhao, Y., Tian, B., Niu, Y., Zhang, H., Yi, Z., &amp;amp; Zeng, R. (2021). A security management and control solution of smart park based on sensor networks. Sensors, 21(20), 6815. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206815</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/s21206815</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref54">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Zhao, Y., &amp;amp; Zhan, Y. (2019). Research on the application of value creation of big data in smart tourism. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Social Sciences, 6(1), 12-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref55">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>s21206815</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref56">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Zuo, J., &amp;amp; Tang, H. (2020). The impact of smart tourism construction on tourist satisfaction: A study based on Shanghai Disneyland. Consumer Economics, 36(5), 79-89. https://qikan.cqvip.com/Qikan/Article/</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref57">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Detail?id=7103300099</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>

</article>