<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20221130//EN"
  "JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
         xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
         xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         article-type="research-article"
         dtd-version="1.4"
         xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/xsd/JATS-archivearticle1-4-mathml3.xsd"
         xml:lang="en">

  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CACTUS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">CACTUS J Tour Bus Manag Econ</journal-id>

      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>CACTUS – Journal of Tourism Business, Management and Economics</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>

      <issn pub-type="epub">2247-3297</issn>

      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>ASE Publishing House</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>Bucharest, Romania</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>

    <article-meta>
      
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">cactus-2026-16</article-id>

      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="jel">
          <subject>F21</subject>
<subject>L86</subject>
<subject>O31</subject>
<subject>O33</subject>
<subject>Z32</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>

      <title-group>
        <article-title>Embracing intelligent hospitality: exploring Romanian consumers’ acceptance of AI and robotic technologies</article-title>
      </title-group>

      <contrib-group>
        
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Nisipeanu</surname>
            <given-names>Andreea-Elena</given-names>
          </name>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6786-5400</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1_1"/>
          <email>nisipeanuandreea20@stud.ase.ro</email>
        </contrib>

        <contrib contrib-type="author" >
          <name>
            <surname>Stoian</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio-Valentin</given-names>
          </name>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7044-0597</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2_1"/>
          
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>

      
      <aff id="aff1_1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution-wrap>
          <institution>University of Economic Studies / Faculty of Business and Tourism</institution>
        </institution-wrap>
      </aff>

      <aff id="aff2_1">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution-wrap>
          <institution>University of Economic Studies / Faculty of Business and Tourism</institution>
        </institution-wrap>
      </aff>

      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>5</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>

      <volume>8</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>95</fpage>
      <lpage>110</lpage>

      <history>
        <date date-type="received"><day>21</day><month>4</month><year>2026</year></date>
        <date date-type="revised"><day>27</day><month>5</month><year>2026</year></date>
        <date date-type="accepted"><day>27</day><month>5</month><year>2026</year></date>
      </history>

      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2026, The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>The Author(s)</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).</license-p>
        </license>
        <ali:free_to_read/>
        <ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
      </permissions>

      <abstract xml:lang="en"><p>&lt;p&gt;This paper examines the role of robots in the hospitality industry through their large-scale implementation, highlighting several relevant issues. The integration of advanced technologies has become a key pillar of the hospitality industry, particularly in the tourism sector. In recent years, ongoing digitalization has led to significant transformations in the tourism ecosystem. Today, the hospitality industry serves as a dynamic testing ground and implementation site for smart technologies, especially service robots. The need to increase efficiency, personalization, and service flexibility according to tourists’ preferences has encouraged the adoption of intelligent technologies, whose acceptance varies depending on the cultural characteristics of each country. To explore the acceptance of robots and the intention to use them in hotels, this study integrates key theoretical and methodological elements, focusing on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data were collected from a sample of 109 individuals in October 2025, and the hypotheses were tested using SmartPLS software. The model employed in this study shows that understanding and acceptance are influenced by perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and self-efficacy, each mediated by individuals’ attitudes toward adopting robots. This study contributes to understanding how to integrate robots and smart technologies within the hospitality industry, providing insights into strategies for integrating robots based on respondents’ opinions.&lt;/p&gt;</p></abstract>

      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>robots</kwd>
<kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd>
<kwd>hospitality industry</kwd>
<kwd>Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)</kwd>
<kwd>technology</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <self-uri content-type="text/html" xlink:href="http://0.0.0.0:3000/articles/cactus-2026-16"/>
      <self-uri content-type="application/pdf" xlink:href="http://0.0.0.0:3000/api/files/cmpu24cxo00kho101i9wbjip2/download"/>
      <self-uri content-type="application/xml" xlink:href="http://0.0.0.0:3000/api/articles/cactus-2026-16/jats"/>

      <related-article ext-link-type="uri" related-article-type="in-issue" xlink:href="http://0.0.0.0:3000/issues/cactus-issue-1-vol-8-no-1-2026" id="ra1"/>

    </article-meta>
  </front>

  <body>
    <p>Full text available in PDF format.</p>
  </body>

  <back>
    
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      
      <ref id="ref1">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Alghamdi, S. (2024). Unraveling the factors affecting behavioral intentions towards service robots in the hotel industry: A technology acceptance model approach. Journal of Electrical Systems, 20(9s). https://journal.esrgroups.org/jes/article/view/4658</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref2">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Anderson, J. C., &amp;amp; Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref3">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman.</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref4">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Barclay, D., Higgins, C., &amp;amp; Thompson, R. (1995). The partial least squares (PLS) approach to causal modeling: Personal computer adoption and use as an illustration. Technology Studies, 2(2), 285-309.</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref5">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Begum, N., Nishat Faisal, M., Sobh, R., Nunkoo, R., &amp;amp; Rana, N. P. (2025). Consumers acceptance of service robots in hotels: A meta-analytic review. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 126, 104052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2024.104052</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijhm.2024.104052</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref6">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Bowen, J., &amp;amp; Morosan, C. (2018). Beware hospitality industry: The robots are coming. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 10(6), 726-733. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-07-2018-0045</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1108/WHATT-07-2018-0045</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref7">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Cambridge Dictionary. (2025). Robotization. In Cambridge Dictionary. &amp;nbsp;https://dictionary.cambridge.org/</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref8">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>dictionary/english/robotization</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref9">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Chiang, A.-H., &amp;amp; Trimi, S. (2020). Impacts of service robots on service quality. Service Business, 14(3), 439-459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-020-00423-8</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s11628-020-00423-8</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref10">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Choi, Y., Choi, M., Oh, M., &amp;amp; Kim, S. (2020). Service robots in hotels: Understanding the service quality perceptions of human-robot interaction. Journal of Hospitality Marketing &amp;amp; Management, 29(6),</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref11">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>613-635. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2020.1703871</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/19368623.2020.1703871</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref12">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Collier, R. M. (1983). The word processor and revision strategies. College Composition &amp;amp; Communication, 34(2), 146-148. https://doi.org/10.58680/ccc198315280</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.58680/ccc198315280</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref13">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Dahlin, E. (2019). Are robots stealing our jobs? Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, 5, 2378023119846249. https://doi.org/10.1177/2378023119846249</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/2378023119846249</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref14">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., &amp;amp; Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982-1003. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.35.8.982</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1287/mnsc.35.8.982</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref15">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Drexler, N., &amp;amp; Lapré, V. B. (2019). For better or for worse: Shaping the hospitality industry through robotics and artificial intelligence. Research in Hospitality Management, 9(2), 117-120. https://doi.org/10.1080/</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref16">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>22243534.2019.1689701</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref17">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Fuentes-Moraleda, L., Díaz-Pérez, P., Orea-Giner, A., Muñoz-Mazón, A., &amp;amp; Villacé-Molinero, T. (2020). Interaction between hotel service robots and humans: A hotel-specific service robot acceptance model (sRAM). Tourism Management Perspectives, 36, 100751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100751</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100751</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref18">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Gao, Y., Chang, Y., Yang, T., &amp;amp; Yu, Z. (2024). Consumer acceptance of social robots in domestic settings: A human-robot interaction perspective. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 82, 104075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.104075</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.104075</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref19">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Giger, J.-C., Piçarra, N., Pochwatko, G., Almeida, N., &amp;amp; Almeida, A. S. (2025). Intention to work with social robots: The role of perceived robot use self-efficacy, attitudes towards robots, and beliefs in human nature uniqueness. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 9(2), 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti9020009</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/mti9020009</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref20">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Golubovskaya, M., Robinson, R. N. S., &amp;amp; Solnet, D. (2017). The meaning of hospitality: Do employees understand? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(5), 1282-1304. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-11-2015-0667</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1108/IJCHM-11-2015-0667</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref21">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Gomezelj, D. O. (2016). A systematic review of research on innovation in hospitality and tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(3), 516-558. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2014-0510</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1108/IJCHM-10-2014-0510</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref22">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Grobbelaar, W., &amp;amp; Verma, A. (2024). Future employments in the hospitality industry. In V. K. Shukla, A. Verma, &amp;amp; J. P. G. Lucop (Eds.), Artificial intelligence for smart technology in the hospitality and tourism industry (pp. 77-104). Apple Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003432951-6</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1201/9781003432951-6</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref23">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Gutierriz, I., Ferreira, J. J., &amp;amp; Fernandes, P. O. (2025). Digital transformation and the new combinations in tourism: A systematic literature review. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 25(2), 194-213. https://doi.org/10.1177/14673584231198414</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/14673584231198414</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref24">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Hair, J., &amp;amp; Sabol, M. (2025). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): A rapidly</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref25">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>emerging SEM alternative. In M. Lovric (Ed.), International encyclopedia of statistical science</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref26">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>(2nd ed., pp. 1880-1882). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-69359-9_466</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-3-662-69359-9_466</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref27">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., &amp;amp; Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref28">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., &amp;amp; Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref29">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Ivanov, D., Dolgui, A., &amp;amp; Sokolov, B. (2022). Cloud supply chain: Integrating Industry 4.0 and digital platforms in the “Supply Chain-as-a-Service”. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 160, 102676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2022.102676</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.tre.2022.102676</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref30">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Ivanov, S. (2024). Is “machina” a “deus ex machina” solution to the labour shortages in tourism and hospitality? Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 16(5), 566-570. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-06-2024-0113</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1108/WHATT-06-2024-0113</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref31">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Ivanov, S., &amp;amp; Webster, C. (2019). Conceptual framework of the use of robots, artificial intelligence and service automation in travel, tourism, and hospitality companies. In S. Ivanov &amp;amp; C. Webster (Eds.), Robots, artificial intelligence, and service automation in travel, tourism and hospitality (pp. 7-37). Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-687-320191001</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1108/978-1-78756-687-320191001</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref32">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Ivanov, S., Seyitoğlu, F., &amp;amp; Markova, M. (2020). Hotel managers’ perceptions towards the use of robots: A mixed-methods approach. Information Technology &amp;amp; Tourism, 22(4), 505-535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00187-x</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s40558-020-00187-x</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref33">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Kim, S., Kim, J., Badu-Baiden, F., Giroux, M., &amp;amp; Choi, Y. (2021). Preference for robot service or human service in hotels? Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 93, 102795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102795</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102795</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref34">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Kim, S., Kim, P. B., Kim, S., &amp;amp; Kruesi, M. A. (2020). An examination of the progressive effects of hotel frontline employees’ brand perceptions on desirable service outcomes. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 84, 102334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102334</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102334</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref35">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Koo, M., &amp;amp; Yang, S.-W. (2025). Likert-type scale. Encyclopedia, 5(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref36">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>encyclopedia5010018</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref37">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Kulviwat, S., Bruner II, G. C., Kumar, A., Nasco, S. A., &amp;amp; Clark, T. (2007). Toward a unified theory of consumer acceptance technology. Psychology &amp;amp; Marketing, 24(12), 1059-1084. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20196</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/mar.20196</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref38">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Lim, S., Xue, L., Yen, C. C., Chang, L., Chan, H. C., Tai, B. C., Duh, H. B. L., &amp;amp; Choolani, M. (2011). A study on Singaporean women’s acceptance of using mobile phones to seek health information. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 80(12), e189-e202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2011.08.007</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2011.08.007</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref39">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Lim, W. M. (2025). What is quantitative research? An overview and guidelines. Australasian Marketing Journal, 33(3), 325-348. https://doi.org/10.1177/14413582241264622</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/14413582241264622</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref40">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Lim, W. M., Jasim, K. M., &amp;amp; Malathi, A. (2025). Service robots in healthcare: Toward a healthcare service robot acceptance model (sRAM). Technology in Society, 82, 102932. https://doi.org/10.1016/</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref41">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>j.techsoc.2025.102932</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref42">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Liu, G. G., Benckendorff, P., &amp;amp; Walters, G. (2024). Human–Robot interaction research in hospitality and tourism: Trends and future directions. Tourism Review, 80(4), 847-870. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-04-2024-0266</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1108/TR-04-2024-0266</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref43">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Mariani, M., Baggio, R., Fuchs, M., &amp;amp; Höepken, W. (2018). Business intelligence and big data in hospitality and tourism: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(12), 3514-3554. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2017-0461</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1108/IJCHM-07-2017-0461</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref44">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Nam, K., Dutt, C. S., Chathoth, P., Daghfous, A., &amp;amp; Khan, M. S. (2021). The adoption of artificial intelligence and robotics in the hotel industry: Prospects and challenges. Electronic Markets, 31(3), 553-574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-020-00442-3</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s12525-020-00442-3</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref45">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref46">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Nysveen, H. (2005). Intentions to use mobile services: Antecedents and cross-service comparisons. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 33(3), 330-346. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070305276149</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/0092070305276149</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref47">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Or, C. K. L., Karsh, B.-T., Severtson, D. J., Burke, L. J., Brown, R. L., &amp;amp; Brennan, P. F. (2011). Factors affecting home care patients’ acceptance of a web-based interactive self-management technology. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 18(1), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.2010.007336</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/jamia.2010.007336</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref48">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Palrão, T., Rodrigues, R. I., Madeira, A., Mendes, A. S., &amp;amp; Lopes, S. (2023). Robots in tourism and hospitality: The perception of future professionals. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2023(1), 7172152. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7172152</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2023/7172152</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref49">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Park, S. (2020). Multifaceted trust in tourism service robots. Annals of Tourism Research, 81, 102888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102888</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.annals.2020.102888</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref50">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Petschnig, M., Heidenreich, S., &amp;amp; Spieth, P. (2014). Innovative alternatives take action – Investigating determinants of alternative fuel vehicle adoption. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 61, 68-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2014.01.001</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.tra.2014.01.001</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref51">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Pham, H. C., Duong, C. D., &amp;amp; Nguyen, G. K. H. (2024). What drives tourists’ continuance intention to use ChatGPT for travel services? A stimulus-organism-response perspective. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 78, 103758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103758</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103758</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref52">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Reiser, U., Jacobs, T., Arbeiter, G., Parlitz, C., &amp;amp; Dautenhahn, K. (2013). Care-O-bot 3—Vision of a robot butler. In R. Trappl (Ed.), Your virtual butler: The making-of (pp. 97-116). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37346-6_9</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-3-642-37346-6_9</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref53">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Rogers, E. M. (1983). Diffusion of innovations (3rd ed.). The Free Press. https://teddykw2.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/everett-m-rogers-diffusion-of-innovations.pdf</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref54">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., &amp;amp; Hair, J. F. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. În C. Homburg, M. Klarmann, &amp;amp; A. E. Vomberg (Eds.), Handbook of market research (pp. 1-47). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8_15-2</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8_15-2</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref55">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Savela, N., Turja, T., &amp;amp; Oksanen, A. (2018). Social acceptance of robots in different occupational fields: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Social Robotics, 10(4), 493-502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-017-0452-5</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s12369-017-0452-5</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref56">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Shukla, V. K., Verma, A., &amp;amp; Lacap, J. P. G. (Eds.). (2024). Artificial intelligence for smart technology in the hospitality and tourism industry. Apple Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003432951</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1201/9781003432951</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref57">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Tuomi, A., Tussyadiah, I. P., &amp;amp; Stienmetz, J. (2021). Applications and implications of service robots in hospitality. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 62(2), 232-247. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965520923961</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/1938965520923961</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref58">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Wang, S., Fan, J., Zhao, D., Yang, S., &amp;amp; Fu, Y. (2016). Predicting consumers’ intention to adopt hybrid electric vehicles: Using an extended version of the theory of planned behavior model. Transportation, 43(1), 123-143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-014-9567-9</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s11116-014-9567-9</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref59">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>World Intellectual Property Organization. WIPO. (2025). Global Innovation Index 2025: Innovation at a crossroads (18th ed.). https://www.wipo.int/gii-ranking/en</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref60">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Yang, L., Henthorne, T. L., &amp;amp; Babu, G. (2020). Artificial intelligence and robotics technology in the hospitality industry: Current applications and future trends. In G. Babu &amp;amp; J. Paul (Eds.), Digital transformation in business and society: Theory and cases (pp. 211-228). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-08277-2_13</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-3-030-08277-2_13</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>

      <ref id="ref61">
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <comment>Zhong, L., Zhang, X., Rong, J., Chan, H. K., Xiao, J., &amp;amp; Kong, H. (2020). Construction and empirical research on acceptance model of service robots applied in hotel industry. Industrial Management &amp;amp; Data Systems, 121(6), 1325-1352. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-11-2019-0603</comment>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1108/IMDS-11-2019-0603</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>

</article>